Sunday, September 06, 2026

Questions on PNP and the New Socialism Paradigm

An Open Letter to Mark Golding: A Pragmatist's Appeal for a Refined Democratic Socialism

Lessons from the 1970s, fiscal reality in 2026, and navigating the Monroe Doctrine

Dear Mr. Golding,

I write to you not as a skeptic, but as a firm believer in the transformative potential of democratic socialism. Your recent embrace of this philosophy, building on the legacy of the great Michael Manley, resonates deeply with those of us who have long felt that Jamaica's economic model has failed to place the people at its centre.

However, I write as a pragmatist who believes that for this vision to succeed in 2026, it must be refined, nuanced, and exceptionally agile in the face of global variables. Your recent address was inspiring, yet it raised critical questions that demand substantive answers if this project is to avoid the pitfalls of the past and navigate the complexities of the present. I ask these questions not to cast doubt, but to build a foundation for a credible and workable plan.




1. The Lessons of the 1970s: A Blueprint for Caution

You rightly invoked the legacy of Michael Manley. But the 1970s experiment also provides a stark blueprint of the internal and external challenges that can cripple a well-intentioned socialist project. By 1980, Jamaica had experienced significant economic contraction and high unemployment. The Land Reform program faced substantial circumvention, and state-run cooperatives saw production plummet.

The question is not whether we should learn from this history, but how a modern PNP administration will avoid the same internal and external pitfalls that undermined that era's goals. How will we ensure that new social programs don't collapse under patronage, indiscipline, or poor execution? Your vision of a "bottom-up" economy is compelling, but its success depends on the integrity and capacity of the state machinery to implement it effectively.


2. Fiscal Reality and State Capacity in 2026

The fiscal landscape today is dramatically different. Jamaica has just weathered Hurricane Melissa, a Category 5 storm that caused an estimated US$8.8 billion in damage—approximately 41% of GDP. This has created an urgent balance of payments need, and Jamaica has had to seek US$415 million in emergency financing from the IMF, with a projected fiscal deficit of 4.8% of GDP for FY2026/27.

Your proposals for expanded social programs, first-in-family university scholarships, and land titling are laudable, but they require a fiscally sound foundation. Where will the funding come from in this constrained environment?

To your point, the tax expenditure system itself requires scrutiny. "Other credits" accounted for nearly 19% of net corporate income tax in recent years, representing billions in foregone revenue. Your suggestion to reform the tax system is correct, but we must ask: How will a new administration broaden the tax base and ensure compliance without stifling the investment needed for recovery?

Furthermore, the state's capacity to deliver has been called into question. The "hollowing out" of the public sector presents a fundamental obstacle to implementing a bold new social agenda. How will the PNP rebuild the state machinery to execute its vision? Proposals like the electronic invoicing system to improve tax compliance are a step in the right direction, but they require a highly functioning bureaucracy. This must be operationalized long before an election.


3. Navigating the Geopolitical Reality: The Monroe Doctrine is Not a Ghost

Your vision of economic independence must contend with the enduring reality of the Monroe Doctrine. This is not 1970s history; it is today's headline.

In March 2026, Jamaica announced it would end its five-decade-long medical cooperation programme with Cuba. The government cited "inability to agree on terms," but this decision came amid intense pressure from the U.S., which has labelled the Cuban medical missions as "human trafficking."

Foreign Minister Johnson Smith insists there was no U.S. influence, but the geopolitical context is undeniable. This decision has significant implications for our healthcare system and our regional relationships. If a future PNP administration faces similar pressure on its policies, how will it navigate the tension between pursuing an independent, people-centred foreign policy and managing the critical relationship with our primary trading partner?

The challenge is acute. Golding's democratic socialism, by its nature, seeks to put people's interests ahead of powerful groups and nations. This is a noble goal, but it will inevitably create friction. How will the party prepare for and manage this friction without being isolated or forced into capitulation, thus repeating the challenges of the 1970s?


Conclusion: A Call for Substance

Your vision is a powerful and necessary one. But as you've noted, the times have changed. We are in a post-hurricane crisis, with a fragile fiscal position and a complex geopolitical landscape. The PNP's response cannot be merely rhetorical; it must be a detailed and nuanced strategy that addresses these core challenges.

I and many other supporters of democratic socialism seek not a "great leader" to rally behind, but a pragmatic, forward-thinking plan that can be operationalized and sold to the Jamaican people. I believe such a plan exists, and I ask that you elaborate on it so we can go forward together with confidence, not just hope.

Yours in solidarity and pragmatism,

Yannick Pessoa


Disclaimer: This article represents the personal views of the author and is intended as a constructive contribution to public discourse on Jamaica's political and economic future.

#MarkGolding #PNP #DemocraticSocialism #JamaicaPolitics #MichaelManley #Jamaica #CaribbeanPolitics #PoliticalReform #EconomicPolicy #MonroeDoctrine #HurricaneMelissa #IMF #FiscalPolicy #StateCapacity #ForeignPolicy #SocialJustice #PeopleCentred #JamaicaRecovery #Geopolitics #OpenLetter

Say Goodbye to Publisher, My Friend: A Jamaican Graphic Designer Remembers the Hustle

When I heard that Microsoft is finally killing off Publisher next month, I nearly drop my spliff. After 35 years, the little desktop publishing workhorse that helped a whole heap of Caribbean creatives look more professional than we really were is heading to the great recycle bin in the sky.

Back in the day in Jamaica, before Canva made everybody a “designer” overnight, and long before Affinity decided to be free and give us a break, it was Publisher and the CorelDRAW suite that kept the lights on. I downloaded both off Pirate Bay more times than I can count. That is just the reality. When business is slow and a $300 software licence could cover two weeks’ rent plus a little food, you are not buying it legal. You pirate it, you work, you deliver, and you hope the client pays on time. The cinema used to run those long piracy ads with the skull and the “you wouldn’t steal a car” voiceover. We used to laugh in the dark. Brother, we would steal the car, the gas, and the radio if it meant the flyer got done by Friday.

Publisher was special though. It was simple enough that a youth from the country could figure it out without a degree, yet powerful enough to make a church anniversary booklet look like it came from a real print house. I remember one Sunday night, 11:45 pm, the pastor called me frantic: “The programme for the thanksgiving service printed wrong, all the names mash up, and the service is 9 o’clock in the morning!” I fired up Publisher, dragged and dropped, fixed the columns, dropped in the church logo that was somehow still a low-res JPEG from 2007, exported to PDF, and sent it to the printer who opened special for me. By 7 am the programmes were ready. Pastor hugged me like I just saved the whole congregation. That night Publisher earned its keep.

Another time a dancehall artiste needed album artwork and street posters in 48 hours. Budget? “Mi a go pay you when the show done, bredrin.” Classic. I mashed up something clean in Publisher, faked a little gold foil effect that looked expensive on the cheap paper, and the posters still looked sharp under the streetlight. The show sold out. I’m still waiting on the full balance, but that is another story.

We used to pass Publisher files around like mixtapes. Somebody in Kingston had the cracked version with the full template pack, somebody in Montego Bay had the better font collection, and by the end of the week half the island’s graphic designers were running the same setup. It was guerrilla design at its finest. Slow internet, power cut mid-export, virus from the latest “crack,” yet somehow the wedding invitation, the school yearbook, the political campaign flyer, and the Sunday school certificate still came out looking respectable.

Eventually the stress of broken installs, missing features, and the constant fear that the next Windows update would kill the crack pushed me fully open source. Scribus, Inkscape, GIMP, LibreOffice. Steeper learning curve at first, but once you lock it, nobody can take it away, and the only licence you need is your own skill. Still, I have a soft spot for Publisher. It was the first software that made me feel like a real graphic designer instead of just a youth with a computer and big dreams.

So as October comes and Microsoft finally pulls the plug, I’m raising a glass to the little app that carried so many of us through the lean years. It wasn’t perfect, it wasn’t legal half the time, but in the Caribbean hustle it was family. Rest easy, Publisher. You did your work. We salute you!!!

List of My Top Fifteen (15) Fave Indie and Foreign Films

15 Films That Explain My Weird Taste in Cinema

A Personal Journey Through the Films That Shaped My Cinematic Soul

I have never had what you might call conventional taste in movies.

Don't get me wrong. I like a good blockbuster as much as the next man. Give me explosions, spaceships, superheroes, dinosaurs and a sufficiently unreasonable budget and I can find a way to enjoy myself.

But the films that really stick with me tend to be a little... different. Foreign films. Independent films. Historical films. Religious films. Martial-arts films. Animated films about extremely strange people. British gangster films where everybody owes everybody money. American comedies about socially maladjusted people. Films about colonialism. Films about identity. Films that make me laugh while somebody is quietly having an existential crisis in the background.

Looking over some of my favourites, I realise that I don't really have a genre. I have a preoccupation.

I like outsiders. I like people caught between cultures. I like underdogs. I like people navigating systems that are bigger than them. I like absurdity with something serious underneath it. And apparently I also like movies in which people get themselves into increasingly ridiculous situations because somebody thought they could make some quick money.

So here are 15 films that probably explain my cinematic brain better than I could.


1. Rabbit-Proof Fence — Australia

Rabbit-Proof Fence movie poster

This was one of the films that really opened my eyes to the power of historical cinema. And its a tearjerker!

Rabbit-Proof Fence tells the story of Molly, her younger sister Daisy and their cousin Gracie, three Aboriginal girls taken from their families under Australia's assimilation policies. They escape and begin an extraordinary journey home, following the rabbit-proof fence across Western Australia.

And that is almost all you need. Three girls. A fence. The Australian outback. And a government determined to make sure they don't get home.

There is something devastating about the simplicity of it. The fence itself becomes almost a metaphor. Something built by a colonial society to control animals becomes the means by which the children navigate their way back to freedom.

I love historical films that don't need to shout. This one simply lets you walk. And walk. And walk. Until the political meaning of that journey becomes impossible to ignore. I heard about it from my cousin Camara and her husband at the time Thura/Tupac.


2. They Cloned Tyrone — USA

They Cloned Tyrone movie poster

Now we're going in a completely different direction. Or perhaps we're not.

Because They Cloned Tyrone is basically what happens when Afrofuturism, blaxploitation, conspiracy theory and social criticism get drunk together.

John Boyega, Jamie Foxx and Teyonah Parris form an unlikely trio investigating a sinister conspiracy in their neighbourhood.

The brilliance is that the movie is funny. Very funny. But underneath the humour is some genuinely uncomfortable material about behavioural conditioning, consumer culture, surveillance and the manipulation of Black communities.

It asks the sort of question conspiracy theorists love: What if somebody really is pulling the strings? But then it asks the more interesting question: What if the strings aren't quite where you thought they were?

As somebody who has spent a considerable amount of time thinking about Afrofuturism, technology and Black futures, this movie was practically designed to crawl into my head and rearrange the furniture.


3. Napoleon Dynamite — USA

Napoleon Dynamite movie poster

This movie is gloriously stupid. I mean that with tremendous affection.

Napoleon Dynamite was an actual American independent film, directed by Jared Hess and made on a tiny budget before becoming a surprisingly big success.

And what I love about it is that nobody seems particularly interested in being normal. Napoleon is weird. Pedro is weird. Kip is weird. Uncle Rico is weird. Everybody is weird. And nobody really gets "fixed."

That's important. Hollywood normally wants the outsider to undergo a transformation. The nerd becomes cool. The ugly duckling becomes beautiful. The loser becomes a winner. Napoleon Dynamite basically says: What if everybody just remained weird? And somehow that is enough.


4. Thank You for Smoking — USA

Thank You for Smoking movie poster

This is one of those movies I appreciate more the older I get.

Nick Naylor is a tobacco-industry spokesman whose job is essentially to argue for something that everybody knows is difficult to defend. His weapon isn't facts. It's rhetoric. And that distinction is important. Because winning an argument and establishing the truth are two completely different activities. I'd show this to any philosophy student as a masterclass on what Sophistry is.

Thank You for Smoking is a satirical black comedy about lobbying, spin and persuasion, based on Christopher Buckley's novel.

I particularly enjoy the film because it understands something that journalists, politicians, advertisers and public-relations people learn very quickly: you don't always have to prove that you're right. Sometimes you just have to make the other person less certain that you're wrong. That is a frighteningly useful skill.


5. Snatch — UK

Snatch movie poster

Guy Ritchie understands one fundamental law of storytelling: If everybody in the movie is an idiot, give them complicated plans.

Snatch is crime cinema as a pinball machine. Money goes missing. Diamonds go missing. People get double-crossed. People double-cross the people doing the double-crossing. And somewhere in the middle of all this is Brad Pitt speaking a language that appears to have been invented specifically to confuse the English. I saw this in the theatre with a Trini girlfriend who I almost had to thump in her "griblings" for ogling and drooling at Brad Pitt in a brief... ew!

As for the show... I love the energy. The editing. The dialogue. The characters. The sheer Britishness of it. And underneath all the chaos is something I find fascinating: an entire informal economy operating through hustles, gambling, stolen goods, violence and personal relationships. Basically capitalism without the PowerPoint presentation.


6. Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels — UK

Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels movie poster

If Snatch is the polished version, Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels is the garage-band version. Actually I watched this after Snatch because Snatch was so good.

This was Guy Ritchie's feature debut, about a card player who loses a fortune in a rigged game and has a week to find the money. And then, naturally, everything goes to hell.

The plot is basically a Rube Goldberg machine constructed out of gangsters, gamblers, thieves, weed growers, loan sharks and people who have made very poor financial decisions.

Which brings me to another reason I enjoy these films. I have a weakness for stories in which somebody says: "I have a plan." And the audience immediately knows: No you don't.


7. Ip Man — Hong Kong

Ip Man movie poster

Then we get serious. This one is another tearjerker!

Ip Man is a 2008 Hong Kong martial-arts film directed by Wilson Yip and starring Donnie Yen as the Wing Chun master.

And yes, there are spectacular fight scenes. But that's not really why I love it.

What interests me is the idea of disciplined strength. Ip Man doesn't need to walk around telling everybody how powerful he is. He knows. That is a different kind of masculinity.

The film also places that martial discipline against the historical trauma of Japanese occupation. So the fights become about more than fighting. They become about dignity. Humiliation. National identity. Resistance. And the question of what happens to a person's sense of self when another power decides it has the right to dominate them. SPOILER ALERT, the 10 vs 1 fight scene, no other fight scene beats that for me!


8. War of the Arrows — South Korea

War of the Arrows movie poster
This is the first film I have ever watched that made me feel breathless in its pace and how dogged they hunt the protagonist. I couldn't rest as the hero couldn't rest. I've never watched a show where the hero make me run with him breathlessly to the end. The only rest he gets is momentarily when a tiger takes some of the enemies off his back.

War of the Arrows is a 2011 South Korean historical action film set after the Qing invasion of Joseon. Its protagonist is an archer trying to rescue his sister after she is taken into slavery.

And what a film. The thing I love about it is that the hero's greatest weapon isn't brute strength. It's skill. Distance. Terrain. Patience. Accuracy. The landscape itself becomes part of the weapon.

There is something deeply satisfying about watching an apparently outmatched person discover that he doesn't have to become stronger than his enemy. He just has to become smarter.


9. Warriors of the Rainbow: Seediq Bale — Taiwan

Warriors of the Rainbow: Seediq Bale movie poster

Warriors of the Rainbow: Seediq Bale is a Taiwanese historical epic about the Seediq people and the 1930 Musha Incident during Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan. This is a mighty long watch and for some reason the protagonist in this show, the first part of the epic, he reminds me of Tommy Lee Sparta, in his youth and his violent imagery and ruthlessness. It's his face on the poster.

This is a serious piece of cinema. And it is brutal. The film deals with colonisation, cultural suppression, resistance, identity and violence without reducing everything to a convenient morality tale.

What particularly interests me is the Indigenous perspective. The Seediq are not simply scenery in somebody else's history. They are the people whose history this is.

Coming from the Caribbean, that distinction matters. We know what it means to inherit a history in which the coloniser often gets to write the first draft. Films like this remind us that there are always other drafts.


10. Rapa Nui — Easter Island

Rapa Nui movie poster

Rapa Nui is another film I have to classify carefully. This is one of those shows you wake up late night and you see it on Cinemax or HBO and you watch it because you are up and then the slow burn hooks you into the history of a people. 

It is actually an American/Australian production directed by Kevin Reynolds and produced by Kevin Costner, rather than a foreign film in the strict sense. It is, however, set on Rapa Nui — Easter Island — and draws heavily on Rapa Nui legends, particularly the Birdman competition.

And this is where the film becomes interesting to me. It is a story about competition, hierarchy, ecology, religion and social order. It also raises the familiar question about environmental collapse.

But there is an important caveat: the film's historical reconstruction is highly debatable. Even the idea that ecological destruction straightforwardly caused the collapse of Rapa Nui society is much more complicated than the popular version of the story suggests.

That actually makes me like it more. Because a good historical film doesn't have to give you the final answer. Sometimes it gives you a question.


11. The Last Temptation of Christ — USA/Canada

The Last Temptation of Christ movie poster

Now we get into territory where I am less interested in historical accuracy than philosophical provocation. Man I remember my parents watching it and cautiously sending kids away. But it piqued my curiosity enough to mark it down on my one-day-I-must-watch list. Man this show is really a crazy theosophical and theological deep dive. Not for the faint of heart.

Martin Scorsese's The Last Temptation of Christ is based on Nikos Kazantzakis's controversial novel and stars Willem Dafoe (Green Goblin) as Jesus. It explores fear, doubt, temptation, human desire and the conflict between Jesus' humanity and his divine mission.

And yes, it caused an enormous controversy. But controversy isn't really what interests me.

The fascinating thing is the premise itself. What happens when you stop treating Jesus only as an icon and start asking what it might mean for him to experience the psychological burdens of being human? That is a philosophical question. And philosophy has always been much more interested in uncomfortable questions than comfortable answers.


12. Jesus Christ Superstar — USA/Israel

Jesus Christ Superstar movie poster

This is another movie that probably looks completely out of place on a list like this. Until you watch it.

Jesus Christ Superstar is a 1973 American musical directed by Norman Jewison, based on the Tim Rice/Andrew Lloyd Webber musical. It was shot entirely in Israel, using locations including the Dead Sea, Avdat, Bet Shean and the Judean Desert.

And I love how strange it is. It doesn't look like the Sunday-school Jesus movie. It looks like somebody took a rock musical, transported it to the biblical landscape and said: "Let's see what happens."

The result is theatrical, psychedelic, irreverent and surprisingly psychologically sophisticated.

And Judas becomes particularly interesting. Because the story isn't simply: Jesus good. Judas bad. It is about loyalty, politics, fear, friendship, betrayal and the terrifying consequences of believing that you understand history better than everybody else.

Where as The Last Temptation Christ was serious and intense, sometime this movie can come off as funny, flippant and trite, it does as serious questions about Jesus's relationships rather than Jesus per se.


13. Forrest Gump — USA

Forrest Gump movie poster

Okay. Now I'm going to cheat.

Because Forrest Gump is absolutely not an independent or foreign film. It is mainstream Hollywood. Big studio. Tom Hanks. Oscar-winning blockbuster. The whole nine yards.

But I'm putting it here anyway. Because this isn't supposed to be a film-school taxonomy. It's supposed to be my list. And this show feels independent, its a departure from Hollywood mainstream sensibilities.

And Forrest Gump is one of those movies I find difficult to dismiss because of how effectively it turns one man's seemingly ordinary life into a tour through American history. Vietnam. The civil-rights era. The counterculture. Watergate. The Cold War. American capitalism. Celebrity. Trauma. Love. Loss. And shrimp. Lots of shrimp.

What makes Forrest interesting isn't simply that he is innocent. It's that he moves through history without fully understanding the ideological machinery surrounding him. Everybody else is trying to explain America. Forrest just keeps running through it.


14. Cinema Paradiso — Italy/France

Cinema Paradiso movie poster

Now we get to one of the great love letters to cinema.

Cinema Paradiso is a 1988 Italian-French film by Giuseppe Tornatore about a boy's friendship with an aging projectionist in a small Sicilian town.

This is a movie about movies. But really it is about memory. Growing up. Leaving home. Returning home. And the strange way childhood attaches itself to places that cannot remain unchanged. 

There is something particularly beautiful about the idea of a cinema being the centre of a community. People come there to laugh. Cry. Fall in love. Escape. Imagine. For a little while, the whole town shares one dream.

And then time moves on. That's the part that hurts. Because eventually every Cinema Paradiso becomes something we remember. For some reason it reminds me of Jeremy Jahns that film review YouTube guy, like this could have been his origin story in another dimension somewhere out there in the multiverse.


15. The Triplets of Belleville — France/Belgium/Canada

The Triplets of Belleville movie poster

Finally, something completely bananas.

The Triplets of Belleville is a 2003 animated adventure-comedy directed by French filmmaker Sylvain Chomet and produced through an international partnership involving France, Belgium, Canada and the UK.

And I adore it. It barely needs dialogue. The characters look bizarre. The world looks bizarre. The humour is bizarre. The music is bizarre. Everything is bizarre. And somehow it is beautiful. It just reminds me of the French Cat of Warner Bros. and Chuck/Charles M. Jones cartoon style I used to love as child in the 80's. The art of Jones had a very jazz and philosophical mood and undertone and I find some of that in this. Something about reminds me of the past and maybe my mother and her 2 main sisters, and how as child people would ask me, "Are they Triplets?"

This is animation reminding you that you don't have to make everything look realistic to make it emotionally real. Sometimes a character with a nose like a potato and legs like coat hangers can communicate more humanity than a thousand CGI superheroes.


So What Does This Say About Me?

Looking at this list, I realise that my taste in cinema isn't really about whether something is "indie," "foreign," "Hollywood," "art house" or "mainstream." Those categories are useful for film distributors. They aren't particularly useful for explaining obsession.

What connects these films is something else. They are about people navigating worlds that don't quite fit them.

Aboriginal children trying to get home. A Black neighbourhood discovering something sinister beneath its surface. A weird kid trying to survive high school. A tobacco lobbyist turning rhetoric into a weapon. Gangsters trying to untangle their own stupidity. A martial artist defending dignity. A Korean archer turning terrain into strategy. Taiwanese Indigenous people resisting colonial domination. An island wrestling with ecological and social pressures. Jesus wrestling with the burden of being Jesus. Judas wrestling with what he thinks history requires of him. An ordinary man accidentally wandering through American history. A projectionist preserving the magic of cinema. And three eccentric old women going after a kidnapped cyclist.

Apparently, that's my thing. People trying to find their way through somebody else's world.

Maybe that's why I gravitate toward films from outside the conventional Hollywood template. They often remind me that there is no single way to tell a story. No single way to understand history. No single way to imagine identity. And no single way to make a damn good movie.

Sometimes you need a $200-million blockbuster. Sometimes you need Donnie Yen kicking somebody through a wall. Sometimes you need three Aboriginal girls following a fence home. And sometimes you just need Napoleon Dynamite dancing like his life depends on it.

Cinema is a big place. I intend to keep wandering around in it.

_______


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